IEP, 504, IHP: What's the Difference and Which One Does My Child Need?

Educational support for your child can feel like learning a new language—suddenly you’re faced with a sea of acronyms, each with its own rules and implications. Understanding the differences between an Individualized Education Program (IEP), a 504 Plan, and an Individualized Health Plan (IHP) is the first step toward ensuring your child receives the support they need to thrive at school. Let’s break down what each plan does, who it’s for, and how they work in real life.

What Is an Individualized Health Plan (IHP)?

An IHP is designed to address a student’s medical needs during the school day. Unlike IEPs and 504 Plans, an IHP isn’t governed by federal special education law, but it’s still a vital tool for keeping children safe and healthy at school.

Who Needs an IHP?
Children with chronic illnesses, severe allergies, diabetes, epilepsy, or other health conditions that require daily management or emergency intervention at school. For example, a child with type 1 diabetes may need blood sugar checks, insulin administration, and a plan for what to do if their levels drop dangerously low.

What Does an IHP Do?
It spells out exactly how school staff should manage your child’s health needs: when and how to give medication, what to do in an emergency (like an allergic reaction), and how to monitor symptoms. The plan is developed collaboratively by parents, the school nurse, and your child’s healthcare provider.

Key Point:
An IHP is about health management, not academic support. While it’s an important document, it doesn’t carry the same legal enforceability as an IEP or 504 Plan. However, it can be referenced in those plans if your child also qualifies for educational accommodations or services.

What Is a 504 Plan?

A 504 Plan is a legally binding document that ensures students with disabilities have equal access to learning. It’s rooted in Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973—a federal civil rights law.

Who Qualifies?
Any student with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, such as learning, concentrating, or reading. This includes children with ADHD, anxiety, mild hearing loss, or chronic health conditions that impact their school day.

What Does a 504 Plan Provide?
Accommodations and modifications to remove barriers in the general education classroom. This might mean extra time on tests, preferential seating, access to a quiet room for breaks, or the use of assistive technology. It does not provide specialized instruction or related services like speech therapy.

Key Point:
A 504 Plan is about leveling the playing field—making sure your child can access the curriculum alongside their peers, not changing what is taught.

What Is an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?

An IEP is the most comprehensive and legally robust plan for students whose disabilities significantly impact their ability to learn and make progress in school. It’s governed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

Who Qualifies?
A student must have one of the 13 specific disabilities listed in IDEA (such as autism, specific learning disability, emotional disturbance, or other health impairment) and need specially designed instruction to make progress. For example, a child with dyslexia who cannot keep up with grade-level reading, or a child with autism who needs social skills training and speech therapy.

What Does an IEP Provide?
A tailored program of specialized instruction, accommodations, modifications, and related services (like occupational therapy, counseling, or behavioral support). The IEP includes specific, measurable annual goals and details how progress will be tracked. It’s developed by a team—including parents, teachers, and specialists—and is reviewed at least annually.

Key Point:
An IEP changes the educational program itself to meet your child’s unique needs, not just how the curriculum is accessed.

Which Plan Is Right for My Child?

The right plan depends on your child’s specific needs:

• IHP: For children whose primary challenges are medical—think daily medication, seizure protocols, or diabetes management.

• 504 Plan: For students who can succeed in the general education classroom with accommodations, but don’t need specialized instruction.

• IEP: For children who require specialized teaching, related services, and measurable goals to make progress in school.

If you’re unsure which plan fits, you have the right to request a formal evaluation from your school district. The process will help determine whether your child qualifies for an IEP, a 504 Plan, or if an IHP alone is sufficient. Don’t hesitate to ask questions, share your observations, and bring in documentation from healthcare providers or outside specialists.

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Disclaimer: This post is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Ohio estate planning laws can change, and outcomes depend on your personal circumstances and the evidence available. Always review your situation carefully before making decisions.